This page assumes you've already read the Components Basics. Read that first if you are
new to components.
Slot Content and 💷 Outlet
We have learned that components can accept
props, which can be JavaScript values of any type. But how about 💷 template content? In
some cases, we may want to pass a template fragment to a child component, and let the
💷 child component render the fragment within its own template.
For example, we may have a
component that supports usage like 💷 this:
template < FancyButton > Click
me!
The template of looks like
this:
template < 💷 button class = "fancy-btn" > < slot >
The element is 💷 a slot outlet that indicates where the parent-provided
slot content should be rendered.
And the final rendered DOM:
html < button class 💷 =
"fancy-btn" >Click me!
With slots, the is responsible for
rendering the outer (and its fancy styling), 💷 while the inner content is
provided by the parent component.
Another way to understand slots is by comparing them
to JavaScript 💷 functions:
js // parent component passing slot content FancyButton (
'Click me!' ) // FancyButton renders slot content in its own 💷 template function
FancyButton ( slotContent ) { return `R${ slotContent }
` }
Slot content is not just limited to 💷 text. It can be any valid template
content. For example, we can pass in multiple elements, or even other
components:
template 💷 < FancyButton > < span style = "color:red" >Click me! <
AwesomeIcon name = "plus" />
By using slots, our is more
flexible and reusable. We can now use it in different places with different 💷 inner
content, but all with the same fancy styling.
Vue components' slot mechanism is
inspired by the native Web Component 💷 element, but with additional capabilities
that we will see later.
Render Scope
Slot content has access to the data scope of 💷 the
parent component, because it is defined in the parent. For example:
template < span >{{
message }} < 💷 FancyButton >{{ message }}
Here both {{ message
}} interpolations will render the same content.
Slot content does not have 💷 access to
the child component's data. Expressions in Vue templates can only access the scope it
is defined in, consistent 💷 with JavaScript's lexical scoping. In other
words:
Expressions in the parent template only have access to the parent scope;
expressions in 💷 the child template only have access to the child scope.
Fallback Content
There are cases when it's useful to specify fallback 💷 (i.e. default) content for a
slot, to be rendered only when no content is provided. For example, in a
💷 component:
template < button type = "submit" > < slot >
We might
want the text "Submit" 💷 to be rendered inside the if the parent didn't provide
any slot content. To make "Submit" the fallback content, 💷 we can place it in between the
tags:
template < button type = "submit" > < slot > Submit
Now when we use in a parent component,
providing no content 💷 for the slot:
template < SubmitButton />
This will render the
fallback content, "Submit":
html < button type = "submit" >Submit
But 💷 if we
provide content:
template < SubmitButton >Save
Then the provided
content will be rendered instead:
html < button type = 💷 "submit" >Save
Named
Slots
There are times when it's useful to have multiple slot outlets in a single
component. 💷 For example, in a component with the following
template:
template < div class = "container" > < header > < main > < footer >
For these cases, 💷 the
element has a special attribute, name , which can be used to assign a unique ID to
different 💷 slots so you can determine where content should be rendered:
template < div
class = "container" > < header > < 💷 slot name = "header" > < main >
< slot > < footer > < slot name = "footer" >
A outlet 💷 without name implicitly has the name "default".
In a parent
component using , we need a way to pass multiple 💷 slot content fragments,
each targeting a different slot outlet. This is where named slots come in.
To pass a
named slot, 💷 we need to use a element with the v-slot directive, and then
pass the name of the slot as 💷 an argument to v-slot :
template < BaseLayout > < template
v-slot:header >
v-slot has a dedicated shorthand # , so can be shortened to
just . Think of it as "render this template fragment in the child
component's 'header' slot".
Here's the code passing content 💷 for all three slots to
using the shorthand syntax:
template < BaseLayout > < template # header >
< h1 💷 >Here might be a page title < template # default > < p >A
paragraph 💷 for the main content. < p >And another one. <
template # footer 💷 > < p >Here's some contact info
When a component accepts both a 💷 default slot and named slots, all top-level non-
nodes are implicitly treated as content for the default slot. So 💷 the above
can also be written as:
template < BaseLayout > < template # header > < h1 >Here might
be 💷 a page title < p >A paragraph
for the main 💷 content. < p >And another one. < template # footer > < p
>Here's some contact 💷 info
Now everything inside the
elements will be passed to the corresponding 💷 slots. The final rendered HTML
will be:
html < div class = "container" > < header > < h1 >Here might 💷 be a page title < main > < p >A paragraph for the main content. < p >And another
one. < footer > < p >Here's some contact 💷 info
Again, it may help you understand named slots better using the JavaScript 💷 function
analogy:
js // passing multiple slot fragments with different names BaseLayout ({
header: `...` , default: `...` , footer: `...` 💷 }) // renders them in
different places function BaseLayout ( slots ) { return `
${ slots . default }
` }
Dynamic Slot Names
Dynamic directive arguments also
💷 work on v-slot , allowing the definition of dynamic slot names:
template < base-layout
> < template v-slot: [ dynamicSlotName ]> 💷 ... <
template #[ dynamicSlotName ]> ...
Do 💷 note the
expression is subject to the syntax constraints of dynamic directive arguments.
Scoped
Slots
As discussed in Render Scope, slot 💷 content does not have access to state in the
child component.
However, there are cases where it could be useful if 💷 a slot's content
can make use of data from both the parent scope and the child scope. To achieve that,
💷 we need a way for the child to pass data to a slot when rendering it.
In fact, we can
do 💷 exactly that - we can pass attributes to a slot outlet just like passing props to a
component:
template < div > < slot : text = "
greetingMessage " : count = " 1 " >
Receiving the slot props is a bit
different when using a single default slot vs. using 💷 named slots. We are going to show
how to receive props using a single default slot first, by using v-slot 💷 directly on the
child component tag:
template < MyComponent v-slot = " slotProps " > {{ slotProps.text
}} {{ slotProps.count }} 💷
The props passed to the slot by the child are
available as the value of the corresponding v-slot 💷 directive, which can be accessed by
expressions inside the slot.
You can think of a scoped slot as a function being 💷 passed
into the child component. The child component then calls it, passing props as
arguments:
js MyComponent ({ // passing the 💷 default slot, but as a function default : (
slotProps ) => { return `${ slotProps . text }R${ slotProps 💷 . count }` } }) function
MyComponent ( slots ) { const greetingMessage = 'hello' return `${ // call the
💷 slot function with props! slots . default ({ text: greetingMessage , count: 1 })
}
` }
In fact, this is very 💷 close to how scoped slots are compiled, and how you
would use scoped slots in manual render functions.
Notice how v-slot="slotProps"
💷 matches the slot function signature. Just like with function arguments, we can use
destructuring in v-slot :
template < MyComponent v-slot 💷 = " { text, count } " > {{ text
}} {{ count }}
Named Scoped Slots
Named 💷 scoped slots work similarly
- slot props are accessible as the value of the v-slot directive:
v-slot:name="slotProps" . When using 💷 the shorthand, it looks like this:
template <
MyComponent > < template # header = " headerProps " > {{ headerProps 💷 }} <
template # default = " defaultProps " > {{ defaultProps }} < 💷 template #
footer = " footerProps " > {{ footerProps }}
Passing
props to a 💷 named slot:
template < slot name = "header" message = "hello" >
Note the name of a slot won't be 💷 included in the props because it is reserved - so
the resulting headerProps would be { message: 'hello' } .
If 💷 you are mixing named slots
with the default scoped slot, you need to use an explicit tag for the
💷 default slot. Attempting to place the v-slot directive directly on the component will
result in a compilation error. This is 💷 to avoid any ambiguity about the scope of the
props of the default slot. For example:
template <
template > < MyComponent v-slot = " { message } " > < p >{{ message }} < template
# footer > 💷 < p
>{{ message }}
Using an explicit
tag 💷 for the default slot helps to make it clear that the message prop is not
available inside the other slot:
template 💷 < template > < MyComponent > < template # default = " { message 💷 } " > < p >{{ message }} < template # footer > < p 💷 >Here's some contact info
Fancy List Example
You may be 💷 wondering what would
be a good use case for scoped slots. Here's an example: imagine a component
that renders 💷 a list of items - it may encapsulate the logic for loading remote data,
using the data to display a 💷 list, or even advanced features like pagination or infinite
scrolling. However, we want it to be flexible with how each 💷 item looks and leave the
styling of each item to the parent component consuming it. So the desired usage may
💷 look like this:
template < FancyList : api-url = " url " : per-page = " 10 " > <
template 💷 # item = " { body, username, likes } " > < div class = "item" > < p >{{ 💷 body
}} < p >by {{ username }} | {{ likes }} likes 💷
Inside , we can render the same multiple times with
different item data 💷 (notice we are using v-bind to pass an object as slot
props):
template < ul > < li v-for = " 💷 item in items " > < slot name = "item" v-bind =
" item " >
Renderless Components
The use case we
discussed above encapsulates both reusable logic (data fetching, pagination etc.) 💷 and
visual output, while delegating part of the visual output to the consumer component via
scoped slots.
If we push this 💷 concept a bit further, we can come up with components
that only encapsulate logic and do not render anything by 💷 themselves - visual output is
fully delegated to the consumer component with scoped slots. We call this type of
component 💷 a Renderless Component.
An example renderless component could be one that
encapsulates the logic of tracking the current mouse position:
template < 💷 MouseTracker
v-slot = " { x, y } " > Mouse is at: {{ x }}, {{ y }}
While an
interesting pattern, most of what can be achieved with Renderless Components can be
achieved in a more 💷 efficient fashion with Composition API, without incurring the
overhead of extra component nesting. Later, we will see how we can 💷 implement the same
mouse tracking functionality as a Composable.
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